Evaluation of the effectiveness of electronic prescription in reducing medical and medical errors (systematic review study).

INTRODUCTION: The use of electronic systems in prescription is considered as the final solution to overcome the many problems of the paper transcription process, especially with the outbreak of Coronavirus needs more attention than before. But despite the many advantages, its implementation faces many challenges and obstacles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to review the effectiveness of computerized physician order entry systems (CPOE) on relative risk reduction on medication error and adverse drug events (ADE). METHOD: This study is one of the systematic review studies that was conducted in 2021. In this study, searching for keywords such as E-Electronic Prescription, Patient safety, Medication Errors prescription, Drug Interactions, orginal articles from 2000 to October-2020 in the valid databases such as ISI web of Science PubMed Embase, Scopus and search engines like google was done. The included studies were based on the main objectives of the study and based on the inclusion criteria after several stages of review and quality evaluation. In fact, the main criteria for selecting articles were studies that compared the rate of medication errors with or without assessing the associated harms (real or potential) before and after the implementation of EMS. RESULTS: Out of 110 selected studies after initial screening, only 16 articles were selected due to their relevance. Among the final studies, there was a significant heterogeneity. Only 6 studies were of good quality. Of the 10 studies prescribing error rates, 9 reported reductions, but variable denominators prevented meta-analysis. Twelve studies provided specific examples of systemic drug errors. 5 cases reported their occurrence slightly. Out of 9 cases that analyzed the effects on drug error rate, 7 cases showed a significant relative reduction between 13 and 99%. Four of the six studies that analyzed the effects on potential ADEs showed a significant relative reduction of between 35 and 98%. Two of the four studies that analyzed the effect of ADEs showed a relative reduction of between 30 and 84%. CONCLUSION: Finally, e-prescribing seems to reduce the risk of medication errors and ADE. However, the studies differed significantly in terms of setting, design, quality and results. More randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to further improve the evidence of health informatics information.

Risk Prediction of Progression to the Severe Stage of Covid-19 in Patients Admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand

Introduction: Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the survival of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Various studies have shown the clinical characteristics of patients admitted to COVID-19 hospital. However, the predictors of the results are still unclear. Our objective was to investigate the presence of potential risk factors associat ed with disease severity progression in the natural history of COVID-19. Methods: The present study is a retrospective monocentric study. In which part of patients with Covid-19 South Khorasan who are hospitalized in Valiasr Hospital in Birjand (except for patients who are in the very first stage of triage, in a very severe stage of the disease). They were examined and their symptoms were recorded. The information of patients who enter a very severe and critical stage of the disease and are transferred to intensive care units will be separated and patients will be divided based on clinical indicators. Finally, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data from 111 patients admitted to Valiasr Hospital in Birjand were collected and analyzed with the approval of COVID-19 laboratory and the data collected from discharged and critically ill patients were compared. Results: Of these 111 patients, 93 were discharged and 18 entered the acute phase of the disease. The number of lymphocytes (0.56 G/L vs. 1.3 G/L was lower in the exacerbated group than in the discharged group. The number of involved lung lobes was 5 vs. 4). Multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity [ (OR) 52.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6–776.41], Sex (OR 24.8, 95% CI 1.8–342.1) were independent risk factors for disease severity in COVID-19 patients. Our results also show that CT intensity score is associated with the level of inflammation, and older age, higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and CT intensity score at the time of hospitalization are other independent risk factors affecting the short-term progression of the Covid virus. 19 are in these patients. Conclusion: The results of this study facilitate the early identification of high-risk COVID-19 patients. These findings can be useful in predicting the risk of progression in patients with COVID-19 at the time of admission. A CT scan may help classify the risk. © 2022, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.

COVID-19 Related Knowledge among Dental Patients-A Questionnaire Survey

Objectives: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious pandemic that caused viral respiratory illness. Human behavior and knowledge assessment during the crisis are critical in the overall efforts to contain the outbreak. Therefore, we aimed to assess knowledge, and precautionary measures toward COVID-19 among a sample of dental patients in Iran. Material & Method: This study was conducted among 270 attending patients to the dental clinics as a cross-sectional survey. They were asked to complete a standardized covid-19 knowledge questionnaire. This questionnaire includes 20 knowledge-based questions about covid-19. Along with this questionnaire, a checklist including five items about sociodemographic characteristics was completed by participants. After collecting the data, they were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test using SPSS software. Results: The study was performed in February 2021. Results of this study showed 19.5%, 30.6% and 49.9% of respondents had poor, fair and satisfactory level of toward covid-19 respectively. Above 65% of the responders answered correctly to all questions. Men had poorer information statistical tests released that, knowledge had a significant association with educational level, age and monthly income amongst responders. Conclusions: It was concluded that, their knowledge towards SARS-CoV-2 is generally good. Further steps need to be taken to educate the patient's about its transmission in a dental clinic. Also, training programs about mechanism of potential spread of COVID are suggested for the improvement of knowledge © This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

COVID-19 RELATED KNOWLEDGE AMONG DENTAL PATIENTS. A QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY

Introduction. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious pandemic that caused viral respiratory illness. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge about COVID-19 pandemic in patients having attended dental dinics in Birjand. Materials and methods. This study was conducted as a cross-sectional survey among 270 patients attending to dental dinics. They were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire. The sampling method was counting of all participants. The questionnaire included demographic information and covid-19 knowledge. The collected data was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods and chi-square test using SPSS software. Results and discussion. The study, performed in February, showed that 19.5%, 30.6% and 49.9% of the respondents had poor, fair and satisfactory level about Covid-19, respectively. Above 65% of them answered correctly to all questions. Men had poorer information (P = 0.014), the statistical tests released showing that knowledge had a significant association with educational level, age and monthly income among respondents (P <0.05). Conclusions. Patients knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 is generally good. Further steps need to be taken to educate the patient about its transmission in a dental clinic. Also, training programs about mechanism of potential spread of COVID are suggested for improving the existing knowledge.

Statistical ambiguities in epidemics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Recently, an article predicted the expected number of death in thirty days period for three countries: Korea, Iran, and Italy. On the one hand, the internal structural gap has severely disrupted management, and its financial resources are severely limited, and on the other hand, its foreign relations are in serious trouble. Other incidents, especially in recent months, have led to growing public distrust of this public administration. Now, physicians' perceptions of patients, as well as statistical estimates of the number of patients, must be trusted, and all statistics and atlases of the Iranian corona must be prepared and distributed according to statistical estimates. It is necessary to trust the physicians' diagnosis of the number of patients as well as statistical estimates. The efforts of the Health Ministry should be to bring official statistics closer to analytical and estimates. Ignoring the estimated statistics, we get no other result than to deceive ourselves.